Climate ; Climatic trend ; Climatic variation ; Climatic warming ; Iowa ; Kansas ; Missouri ; Nebraska ; Snow ; Snow cover ; Temperature ; Twentieth Century ; United States of America ; Winter
The spatial and temporal variation of the C/D Köppen climateboundary in the central United States is examined for the period 1900 to 1999. The C/D climateboundary is determined by differences in winter conditions. It represents the equatorward
warming and a northerly migration of the C/D climateboundary within the central United States.
edge of a persistent snow cover during winter. The most anomalous feature for the decadal maps is the distinct southerly location of the C/D boundary for the recent decade of the 1970s. This study does not provide evidence of a trend toward wintertime
Changement global ; Circulation atmosphérique ; Climat de montagne ; Climat urbain ; Climatologie ; Dynamique de l'atmosphère ; Etats-Unis ; Modèle ; Variation climatique
Atmospheric circulation ; Atmospheric dynamics ; Climatic variation ; Climatology ; Global change ; Model ; Mountain climate ; United States ; Urban climate
This paper briefly reviews four selected areas in which geographer-climatologists have made, and continue to make, significant contributions to physical and boundary-layer climatology : 1) mountain and alpine, 2) urban, 3) land-surface, and 4) large
-scale physical climatology. This review reveals several mutual concerns of sampling, methods of analysis, and modeling that are evident across the range of physical and boundary-layer climatology.
Classics in physical geography revisited. Thornthwaite, C.W. 1948: an approach toward a rational classification of climate. The Geographical Review 38, 55-94
Thornthwaite's 1948 climatic classification system was fundamentally different from all its predecessors: climates are defined rationally and boundaries are determined objectively by the meteorological data; vegetation, soils, hydrology, etc
., are then to be determined from the prevailing climatic type.
The significance of the Great Wall as a geographic boundary
Agricultural region ; Boundary ; China ; Climatic region ; Territory
The arrangements of the wall in past dynasties are just consistent with the demarcation line between semi-humid and arid climates in the country. It becomes an indicator of this line between the two areas. From the viewpoint of political geography
, it had the function of separating two political units. Today, it has lost its function of military works for territorial expansion and defence, but it is the significant indicator of a geographic boundary.
Delineation of boundary between tropical/subtropical in the middle section for eco-geographic system of South China
China ; Climatic index ; Concept ; Ecosystem ; Geosystem ; Soil ; Southern China ; Subtropical zone ; Tropical zone ; Vegetation index ; Zonal geography
. New concepts of tropical, annual tropical, true tropical and tropical fluctuating zone are formed to understand tropical area. Based on the indexes of climate, vegetation and soil, boundaries of tropical, annual tropical, true tropical and tropical
This discussion results in new understanding on eco-geographic regions and their boundaries, especially on gradual changes of natural conditions between eco-geographic regions. It clarifies differences and causes of the differencies for the results
fluctuating zone of the study area are established. The tropical fluctuating zone explains different locating of different researchers. This paper also puts forward a new method to display boundary for eco-geographic regions.
An extensive overview of concepts of boundaries is made. Concepts of natural versus artificial boundaries are discussed. The relation between the notions of boundary, limit, and border is provided and the concept of sovereignity analysed
. The investigation of the functions of boundaries are pointed to. A link is made between the concepts of boundary and spatial barriers. The erosion of European boundaries is analysed and the main factors of change in the functions of European boundaries
Variability of climaticboundaries in Israel. Use of modified Budyko-Lettau aridity index
Années 1963-1973 ; Bilan calorique ; Bilan hydrique ; Classification ; Climat ; Domaine méditerranéen ; Géographie physique ; Indice d'aridité ; Indice de Budyko-Lettau ; Israël ; Limite climatique ; Sécheresse ; Variabilité interannuelle ; Zone
Un indice d'aridité reposant sur le calcul des bilans thermique et hydrique conduit à une nouvelle classification des climats, appliquée au territoire israélien. On insiste sur les fluctuations des limites climatiques en années successives. - (JPB)
The use of tree-ring chronologies to show spatial and temporal changes in an air mass boundary
Correlation of tree-ring indices and objectively defined regional climate series shows that winter season variables do contribute significantly to the variability in growth. Changes in the chronology membership in the regions imply changes
in the orientation of the air mass boundary over the last three to four centuries.
Arid area ; Bibliography ; Climatic geomorphology ; Climatic zone ; Concept ; Geomorphic cycle ; Glacial features ; Periglacial features ; Tectonics
arbitrary climaticboundaries.
Though climatic geomorphology has long been perceived as providing a realistic framework for landform analysis, only the arid , nival and glacial systems and some constructional forms on the coast are readily identified in the landscape, present
and past, as climatically zonal in character. Various landforms are shaped by processes and mechanisms which, though climatically generated, vary genetically, and are active in a wide range of conventionally delineated climatic regions. They transgress
Ambiguous understanding by different authors of the topoclimate definition results in the fact that the decision of qualifying the selected area to specific climate category (micro-, topo- or mesoclimate) is always debatable. An additional problem
is the disappearance of the boundaries between topoclimates effecting their mutual interactions. Topoclimatological research carried out on location in Kaszubian Lake District revealed the complexity of the above-mentioned issue.
The problem of boundaries in geography is inseparable from regionalization, and it has been assumed that the problem of drawing boundaries is automatically part of the work of regionalization and mapping by means of background shading. Some
geographers are examining them through the prism of new concepts and methods. 5 Articles: 1. Geographical boundaries: contradictions and paradoxes, 2. Basic types of geographical boundaries, 3. Geographical boundaries as a factor in region-formation, 4
. On the problem of studying the boundaries of economic-geographic systems, 5. Typology and mapping of boundaries of the BEA Economic Areas of the United States.
Western range boundaries of floodplain trees in the southeastern United States
Biogeography ; Boundary ; Climate ; Coastal plain ; Floodplain ; Habitat ; Riparian vegetation ; Southeastern United States ; Spatial distribution ; Tree ; Underground water ; United States of America
for survival. For floodplain trees, then, it is primarily habitat—not climate—that determines the location of range boundaries.
is directly related to decreasing precipitation with distance to the west of the Mississippi River valley. Many species, however, have abrupt western range boundaries related to physiography and hydrogeomorphic processes. Also, riparian habitats within stream
The complexity of evidence for sustainable development policy : analysing the boundary work of the UK Parliamentary Environmental Audit Committee
Boundary ; Environment ; Governance ; Government policy ; Institution ; Political geography ; Reform ; Sustainable development ; United Kingdom
on issue framing and boundaries, it investigates what boundaries are drawn, how, why and by whom. The committee is found to play many roles, including analyst, forum for debate and political lever, all of which provide potential for influence on specific
policies, and on the nature and space of political debate. It concludes that the rich and subtle variety of these boundaries, and different work carried out around them, confirms that a simple reading of the EAC’s remit of government scrutiny falls short
[b3] Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research/CSERGE, School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich, Royaume-Uni
Constable: a simple one-dimensional climate model for climatologists in geography
Bilan énergétique ; Champ météorologique ; Circulation atmosphérique ; Circulation zonale ; Climat ; Climatologie ; Equation de mouvement ; Géographie physique ; Modèle climatique ; Méthodologie ; Radiation ; Simulation ; Système Terre-atmosphère
A one-dimensional global climate model is constructed from both the basic energy balance equation for the earth-atmosphere system and the planetary boundary layer equations of motion. The theoretically based model accurately simulates many features
of the present climate system and appears useful in evaluating various climatic change mechanisms. The simplicity of this process-response model increases its educational and research applicability for climatologists in geography.
An hypothesis from which a general principle covering deformation of alluvial boundaries may be developed is proposed, namely flow of fluid past a deformable boundary will deform the boundary so as to increase the resistance to flow. Upon attainment
of a local maximum of resistance to flow the boundary shape will cease to change.