Evaluating proxies for estimating subaerial beach volume change across increasing time scales and various morphologies
This study assesses the impacts of morphologic variations, associated with beach cusps and nourishment material, on volume change estimates from profiles and shoreline change at 0.5 to 3.5 year time periods. Volume changes at the edges
of nourishment areas are not captured well by profiles. When the nourishment material is graded to a ramped morphology, which minimizes across-beach morphologic variability, the shoreline-change proxy does accurately estimate volume changes. Both proxies estimate
volume changes inaccurately at beaches where volume changes oscillate between erosion and accretion on both short and long time scales because the magnitude of small-scale changes in volume from the formation and erosion of morphologic features
, such as cusps and berms, will always be similar to the longer-term net volume change. This study suggests that decadal records of shoreline change, which are commonly developed using aerial photography, can be used to help identify the best proxy for estimating
volume change; however, recent anthropogenic modifications that impact patterns of beach sedimentation, including nourishment, terminal groins, and inlet-channel dredging, makes decadal records less useful.
Are we there yet? NSW local governments’ progress on climate change
Adaptation ; Australie ; Changement climatique ; Climat ; Gas à effet de serre ; Gouvernement local ; New South Wales ; Réduction des émissions
Adaptation ; Australia ; Climate ; Climatic change ; Green house effect ; New South Wales
This article examines New South Wales local governments’ progress on climate change. It is found that councils are responding to any potential impacts of climate change and that they are abating significant quantities of emissions. Adaptation
is progressing through the development of risk-based climate change adaptation plans. Councils are addressing particular areas of management, such as water management, assisted by guidelines which incorporate consideration for climate change as part of best
Adaptation ; Changement climatique ; Discours ; Ecologie politique ; Environnement ; Evolution démographique ; Ile ; Micro-Etat ; Migration forcée ; Pays en développement ; Politique ; Politique climatique ; Transfert de population ; Translation
Adaptation ; Climate policy ; Climatic change ; Demographic change ; Developing countries ; Discourse ; Environment ; Forced migration ; Island ; Microstate ; Policy ; Political ecology ; Transfer of population ; Vulnerability
L'introduction éditoriale est suivie de six articles. 1. Les jeunes au coeur de la liaison entre cahangement démographique et changement climatique. 2. La traduction du paradigme de l'adaptation au changement climatique : la politique d'une idée qui
fait son chemin en Afrique. 3. Pas de changement à propos du changement climatique : la vulnérabilité et le développement dans les micro-Etats insulaires. 4. Les discours politiques sur le changement climatique et la migration : les politiques de
transfert de population dans les Maldives. 5. Un climat de contrôle : inondation, déplacement et transfert planifié de population dans la vallée du bas Zambèze, au Mozambique. 6. Le changement climatique et la politique de raisonnement causal : le cas du
Radiative forcing over China due to albedo change caused by land cover change during 1990–2010
In this paper, high spatial and temporal resolution satellite products were used to analyze the driving mechanism for surface albedo change caused by land cover change during 1990–2010. In addition, the annual-scale radiative forcing caused
by surface albedo changes in China's 50 ecological regions were calculated to reveal the biophysical mechanisms of land cover change affecting climate change at regional scale. The results showed that the national land cover changes were mainly caused by land
reclamation, grassland desertification and urbanization in past 20 years, which were almost induced by anthropogenic activities. The mean radiative forcing caused by land cover changes during 1990–2010 in China indicates a warming climate effect.
This article examines the effect of sectoral change on U.S. state unemployment during the Great Recession. Of the 4.1 percentage point increase in mean state unemployment between 2007 and 2009, increased structural change explains 0.6–1.18
percentage points, and increased estimated effects of structural change 0.8–2.7 percentage points. Despite the role of housing in the recession, neither construction nor any other one sector can account for the results. Although the pace and role
of structural change had returned to normal levels after the Great Recession, their effects persisted, raising mean state unemployment by 0.9–2.3 percentage points in 2011.
The impact of climate change on urban transport resilience in a changing world
Accident de la route ; Changement climatique ; Climat urbain ; England ; Impact ; Infrastructure ; Royaume-Uni ; Réseau de transports ; Résilience ; Scénario ; Trafic urbain ; Transport ; Type de temps ; Vulnérabilité
Climatic change ; England ; Impact ; Infrastructure ; Resilience ; Road accident ; Scenario ; Transport ; Transport network ; United Kingdom ; Urban climate ; Urban traffic ; Vulnerability ; Weather type
. The standard structure of climate change impact assessment (CIA) requires understanding in 3 important areas : how weather currently affects infrastructure and operations; how climate change may alter the frequency and magnitude of these impacts; and how
concurrent technological and socio-economic development may shape the transport network of the future, either ameliorating or exacerbating the effects of climate change. This paper traces a number of developments in the extrapolation of physical
and behavioural relationships on to future climates, including a broad move away from previous deterministic methods and towards probabilistic projections which make use of a much broader range of climate change model output, giving a better representation
Communicating climate change – Learning from business : challenging values, changing economic thinking, innovating the low carbon economy
Changement climatique ; Climat ; Communication ; Connaissance ; Cornwall ; Décision ; Economie du carbone ; Effet de serre ; England ; Entreprise ; Royaume-Uni
Carbon economy ; Climate ; Climatic change ; Communication ; Cornwall ; Decision ; England ; Firm ; Greenhouse effect ; Knowledge ; United Kingdom
This article examines critically 30 SMEs, which engage with climate change knowledges and 5 Innovation-Support-Organizations (ISOs) that communicate climate change knowledges in Cornwall, United Kindom. Over a three-year period it explores why
and how these businesses approach the knowledge gap between climate change science and business practice, drawing on a variety of ethnographic research methods: (1) in-depth semi-structured and open interviews; (2) participant observations; and (3
) practitioners’ workshops. The results demonstrate that business’ mitigation and adaptation strategies are lay-knowledge-dependent, derived from personal values, space, and place identity. Climate change communication therefore needs to go beyond thinking about
The politics of emotion in participatory processes of empowerment and change
Changement social ; Emotion ; Espace urbain ; Géographie sociale ; Jeunes ; Mejicanos ; Participation ; Projet ; Quartier ; Responsabilisation ; Salvador ; San Salvador ; Violence
El Salvador ; Emotion ; Empowerment ; Neighbourhood ; Participation ; Project ; Social change ; Social geography ; Urban area ; Violence ; Young people
This article examines the role of critical analysis and emotions in participatory approaches to em-powerment and change. It analyses a local youth participation project (PAR) in Mejicanos, a poor and violent neighborhood in El Salvador, aiming
at empowering young people by involving them in participatory action research. It looks critically at the young people’s PAR process, askingwhether and how they felt empowered by it and whether and how social change came about.
Spatial pattern and decadal change of agro-meteorological disasters in the main wheat production area of China during 1991-2009
Agroclimatologie ; Analyse spatiale ; Années 1991-2000 ; Années 2000-2009 ; Blé ; Catastrophe ; Changement climatique ; Chine ; Etude comparée ; Production agricole ; Stress hydrique ; Sécheresse
Agricultural production ; Agroclimatology ; Catastrophe ; China ; Climatic change ; Comparative study ; Drought ; Spatial analysis ; Water stress ; Wheat
In this study, the temporal and spatial changes in the occurrence frequency of major meteorological disasters on wheat production were firstly explored by analyzing the observed records at national agro-meteorological stations (AMS) of China from
1991 to 2009. Furthermore, impact of climate change on AMD was discussed by comparing the warmer decade (2000–2009) with another decade (1991–2000). It was found that drought was the most frequent disaster during the last two decades, with a highest
proportion of 79%. And the frequency of AMD increased significantly with climate change. Specifically, the main disasters occurred more frequently in the reproductive period than in the vegetative period. Besides, the spatial changes in the AMD frequency were
characterized by region-specific. For example, the wheat cultivation areas located on the Loess Plateau and the middle-lower reaches of the Yellow River suffered mainly from drought. All these results were strongly linked to climate change in China.
Climate ; Climatic change ; France ; Garonne ; Inundation ; Risk ; River ; Vulnerability
Le changement climatique, avec une augmentation possible des évènements extrêmes, peut être assimilé à un risque climatique. À ce titre, il force à questionner la politique de prévention des risques naturels. Le fleuve Garonne et l’estuaire de la
Gironde sont deux espaces continus régulièrement inondés, le long desquels se concentrent d’importants enjeux. En allant à la rencontre des acteurs locaux (régions, départements, communes), nous avons tenté de savoir s’ils intégraient le changement
climatique dans la mise en œuvre de la politique de prévention des inondations. À partir de leurs discours, nous avons montré que leurs trajectoires de vulnérabilité sont très éloignées de la problématique du changement climatique, mais que la politique
d’adaptation au changement climatique peut influencer la reconfiguration de la politique de prévention des risques. - (DSJ)
The effect of environmental factors on spatial variability in land use change in the high-sediment region of China's Loess Plateau
The AA. build 2 indicators, a land use change intensity index and a vegetation change index, to characterize the intensity of land use change, and the degree of vegetation restoration, respectively. Based on a subsection mean method, the 2
indicators are then used to assess the spatial variability of land use change affected by climatic, edaphic, and topographic elements. The results indicate that land use changed significantly in the period 1998–2010. In general, land use changed dramatically
in semi-arid regions, remained relatively stable in arid regions, changed significantly in clay-rich soil, remained relatively stable in clay-poor soil, changed dramatically in steeper slopes, and remained relatively stable in tablelands and low-lying
regions. The increase in vegetation coincided with increasing changes in land use for each physical element. These findings allow for an evaluation of the effect of the Grain to Green Program, and are applicable to the design of soil and water conservation
This paper compares widely used models of river channel pattern against the changes observed at Skaftafellsjökull, Iceland. Topography was found to play a large role in determining channel pattern in proglacial environments for 2 reasons : 1
) glacier retreat forces rivers to flow through confined moraine reaches; 2) proximal incision of proglacial rivers, accompanied by downstream aggradation, leads to changes in slope which force the river to cross channel pattern thresholds. The findings
of this work indicate that in the short term, the majority of channel pattern change in proglacial rivers is due to topographic forcing, and that changes due to changing hydrology and sediment supply are initially relatively minor, although likely to increase
in significance as deglaciation progresses. These findings have implications for palaeohydraulic studies. This paper shows that channel pattern can change at timescales faster than hydrological or sediment budget changes usually occur, in association
with relatively minor changes in glacier mass balance.
Aridisation ; Aridity index ; Climatic change ; Climatic data ; Ecosystem ; Forest ; LANDSAT ; Remote sensing ; Romania ; Southwestern Romania ; Thermal stress ; Vegetation index
This study aims to identify the changes that occurred, quality-wise, in the past 2 decades (1990–2011) in forest vegetation in Southwestern Romania, and to establish the link between those changes and extant thermal stress in the region. First
and 2011. Statistical correlations were established between the peak values of average annual temperatures, represented in space, and negative changes in the NDVI index, as revealed by the change-detection analysis. The results obtained indicated
Adaptation ; Climate ; Climatic change ; France ; Languedoc-Roussillon ; Territory ; Toulouse ; Urban area
Cet article propose de caractériser la démarche d’adaptation aux changements climatiques de la communauté urbaine de Toulouse métropole. À partir de l’étude du cas toulousain et d’une comparaison avec d’autres démarches territoriales, l’examen des
discours et pratiques de l’action publique locale permet d’expliciter les modes de territorialisation du problème climat. Cette analyse met ainsi en évidence les principales difficultés de construction de l’action d’adaptation aux effets du changement
d’une démarche « ordinaire » d’adaptation aux changements climatiques des collectivités territoriales françaises. - (DSJ)
Eau et changement climatique sur la Garonne moyenne : l’adaptation en négociation
Adaptations aux changements environnementaux et territoires
Adaptation ; Aménagement fluvial ; Changement climatique ; Climat ; Fleuve ; France ; Garonne ; Milieu naturel ; Ressource en eau
Adaptation ; Climate ; Climatic change ; France ; Garonne ; Natural environment ; River ; River management ; Water resources
Malgré le Ve rapport du GIEC, la mise en place de stratégies d’adaptation au changement climatique tarde à l’échelle locale. Les environnements fluviaux, particulièrement sensibles et exposés aux impacts climatiques à cause des enjeux qu’ils
pointant les facteurs anthropiques locaux plutôt que le changement climatique. L’article montre que ce dernier, devenu un argument de négociation, tend à renforcer des logiques opposées d’aménagement, entre exploitation quantitative de la ressource en eau
et protection des milieux naturels fluviaux. Dès lors, l’adaptation constitue davantage une réponse aux évolutions territoriales en cours qu’au changement climatique. - (DSJ)
économique, le manque d'infrastructures, la marginalisation économique et la faible gouvernance. Certaines de ces tensions non-climatiques sont des déterminants de la vulnérabilité locale plus importants que l'élévation du niveau de la mer et le changement
climatique. Ces tensions vont sans doute se renforcer par l'action de divers éléments du changement climatique à court, moyen et à long terme, mais en général le changement climatique ne semble pas être un élément moteur majeur des changements actuels dans
and damage agenda of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change or for underpinning legal claims for liability for damages caused by extreme weather.