Changement démographique en Europe centrale et orientale : réaction aux crises ou changement d'ajustage ?
in these countries into a difficult economic situation by virtue of unemployment, inflation, impoverishment, devaluation of education and qualifications or changes in social structure, to which they have reacted with a rapid change in demographic pattern. The ex
-socialist countries experienced abrupt demographic changes since the beginning of the 1990s. Nuptiality and fertility dropped to unprecedented low level; extra-marital cohabitation and the share of extra-marital births increased tremendously, rapid
European regions are territorial units of different size and character. There is a wide variety, ranging from urban and small rural regions to large European cross-border regions. All are undergoing rapid changes. The changes of the European
policy for rural development must give reply to the current structural and functional changes in rural life, economy and environment. During the last decades the Irish rural development took long term profit from EU-financial support. Poland, here taken
as a national example for the new eastern members states, is standing at the beginning of an intensive transformation. The article points out potentials and restraints of rural development, hidden in the current processes of change, and it offers a critical view