Degradation of forest ecosystems became widespread throughout the Northern hemisphere in the 1970's. Research projects were developed to clarify the role of air pollution and changes in climatic conditions by using new monitoring methods. Based
on old traditions and a newborn international cooperative program, a complex monitoring and research project was developed in Hungary to better understand the rapid changes in the forest ecosystems. - (L'A.).
of the natural environment, (especially climate and soils) occuring under the influence of anthropogenic influences and natural mechanisms. A few examples of possible applications of geobotanical indication methods for analysing changes of forest phytocoenoses
by man in various directions and at/for different periods of time. Further aims were to evaluate the social, economic and ecological consequences of the changes which have occurred. - (DG)