Rates of soil formation on Black Mesa, northeast Arizona : a chronosequence in late Quaternary alluvium
Arizona ; Black Mesa ; Chronostratigraphie ; Datation C 14 ; Dendrochronologie ; Domaine semi-aride ; Etats-Unis ; Géographie physique ; Pédogenèse ; Quaternaire ; Sol
The soil chronosequence on Black Mesa, including 17 well-dated surface and buried soils, permits quantification of rates of pedogenesis in a semi-arid region. High resolution dating suggests rates of pedogenesis are rapid. They incorporate
the combined effects of slight variations in elevation, climate, vegetation, topography and parent materials as well as the influence of additions of atmospheric dust at the soil surface.
Ski runs and lifts in the Black Forest have removed vegetation cover and topsoil and caused soil erosion and solifluction. Damage varies with snow depth and duration of snow cover. Summer grazing and slope grading construction exacerbates
Soil loss tolerance in the blacksoil region of Northeast China
Agricultural productivity ; Blacksoil ; China ; Index ; Model ; North-Eastern China ; Soil erosion ; Sustainable development ; Vulnerability
Soil loss tolerance (T) is the maximum rate of annual soil erosion that is tolerated and still allows a high level of crop productivity to be sustained economically and indefinitely. In the blacksoil region of Northeast China, an empirically
determined, default T value is used for designing land restoration strategies for different types of soils. The aim of this study was to provide a methodology to calculate a quantitative T for different blacksoil species. A field investigation was conducted
to determine the typical soil profiles of 21 blacksoil species in the study area and a quantitative methodology based on a modified soil productivity index model was established to calculate the T values. Compared with the currently used of regional unified
standard T value, the proposed method, which determines T using specific soil profile indices, has more practical implications for effective, sustainable management of soil and water conservation.
Assessing parent material uniformity of a red and blacksoil complex in the landscapes
Australia ; Geochemistry ; Grain size distribution ; Micromorphology ; Pedogenesis ; Soil ; Soil properties ; South Australia ; Weathering
The distribution of red and blacksoil (Xeralfs-Xerolls) associations in the Monarto area (South Australia) is complex and their genesis either being derived from a uniform parent material or a lithologic discontinuity is not known. Hence, the aims
may be responsible for the textural contrast within the red and blacksoil profiles.
[b1] Dep. of Soil Science, Waite Agricultural Research Inst., Univ., Adelaide, Australie
The restoration effects of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L) plantation on surface soil properties and carbon sequestration on lower hillslopes in the semi-humid region of Coruh Drainage Basin in Turkey
This study investigated the effects of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) plantations on surface soil properties in eroded sand loam (SL) soils. Two land use types were selected in the semi-humid region of Artvin, Turkey: a black locust
site. The highest carbon sequestration was measured at a soil depth of 0-10 cm in the BLP site. The black locust plantation (BLP) had a positive impact on surface soil properties and carbon sequestration in eroded lower hillslopes in the semi-humid
region of Coruh Drainage Basin (CDB) in Turkey. The planting of black locust might be useful in soil reclamation projects in this type of eroded sites in semi-humid regions.
plantation area (BLP) and an adjacent non-managed site (NMS) (control site). The study used a randomized complete block design with four replications in both experimental sites. Four disturbed and four undisturbed soil samples were randomly collected in each
, the buried blacksoils constitute a distinctive regional carbon storage hotspot.
In this study, the AA. investigated in detail the soil organic carbon (SOC) content and SOC stocks in soil profiles (mostly Andosols) along 2 altitudinal transects, situated on both the humid southern slopes and on the drier northern slopes
of the Kilimanjaro. These paleosol sequences are characterized by high soil organic carbon contents. SOC stocks per square meter exceed those of typical Andosols and Chernozems. As compared to the SOC storage in the surrounding savannah soils of the Maasai Steppe
[b1] Inst. of Soil Science and Soil Geography, Dept. of Soil Physics and Inst. of Geomorphology, Univ., Bayreuth, Allemagne
[b2] Inst. of Agronomy and Nutritional Sciences, Soil Biogeochemistry, Martin-Luther Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Allemagne
[a2] Soil Science and Soil Protection Group, Univ., Halle, Allemagne
[a3] Inst. of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Univ. of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Allemagne
The effects of restoration on soil properties in degraded land in the semi-arid region of Turkey
Arid area ; Erosion control ; Plantation ; Semi-arid area ; Soil ; Soil degradation ; Soil properties ; Tree ; Turkey
The aim of this study was to determine the changes in physical and chemical properties of the soil and plant growth in Pamukcular watershed in Artvin city, 10 years after the plantation of black locust and mixed species (black locust + stone pine
), which were used for rehabilitation of the semi-arid eroded sites in this area. As a result: Although these species didn't showed good growth in the study area black locust plantation (BLP) and mixed species plantation (MSP) had a positive impact
on surface soil properties in clay soils in eroded sites.
Changes of the geological environment of the northern Black Sea region and the chemicalization of agricultural production
Black Sea environment
The generalization of the data available, field and laboratory investigations made it possible to estimate the pesticide in flow with large rivers to the NW part of the Black Sea, and the degree of pollution of the soil cover, bottom sediments
The AA. investigate the quantitative and qualitative aspects of soil organic matter (SOM) losses caused by water erosion within a small catchment in Northern Laos, under steep slopes and slash and burn agriculture. The aim was to quantify
the erosion of black carbon and to identify the processes involved. The preferential erosion of black carbon compared to other SOM types can be explained by its light nature, absence of mineral interactions right after its formation and its resistance
to biodegradation during transport. These results further suggest that erosion of black carbon could be a crucial process determining its fate in terrestrial ecosystems.
Detailed overview of the soils of the Breisgau in a section across the lanscapes from the Rhine to the highest mountain areas of the Black Forest. Description of the single soils by horizons and horizon property, partially an ecological land
evaluation and a classification of soils is given. - (HPB)
The Black Floodplain Soil in the Amöneburger Becken, Germany : a lower Holocene marker horizon and indicator of an upper Atlantic to Subboreal dry period in Central Europe ?
In many sediment profiles of Central European floodplains, a black horizon is found between Late Glacial and midle to upper Holocene sediments. This horizon is rich in clay and humic material, and is referred to as Black Floodplain Soil (BFS). Its
Sandy desert soils form the background in the South-Eastern Kara Kum. In the western part these soils develop on the separate ridge-hillocky sands, but in the eastern-on the most plain gently undulated sands. In the brush of the black saxaul sandy
soils are fragmentarilly formed the solonchak sandy soils. In the zone of the Kara Kum canal passing these soils undergo hydromorphization and grassland establishment of the separate districts. Prospectives for development are sandy soils of the gently
Investigation of soil shear-strength parameters and prediction of the collapse of gully walls in the blacksoil region of Northeastern China
Blacksoil ; China ; Collapse structures ; Forecast ; Gully erosion ; Heilongjiang ; Model ; Shear stress ; Soil erosion ; Soil water
The collapse of gully walls is an important mode of gully erosion, and it depends strongly on 2 soil shear-strength parameters : cohesion and the internal friction angle. In this study, the AA. sampled 6 groups of surface soils from 4 different land
uses, and 2 groups of soils at depths of 30 cm and 60 cm. The cohesion and internal friction angle of each group were determined at 10 levels of water content. The AA. developed a model predicting collapse of gully walls based on 4 parameters : dry bulk
density, water content, crack depth, and the width of the soil collapse. The model predicts that soil collapse would occur at 2 levels of water content: dry and wet conditions. Field data showed that collapse only occurred under the wet condition
Effects of soil erosion on long-term soil productivity in the blacksoil region of northeastern China
Agricultural productivity ; Agropedology ; China ; Cultivated land ; Impact ; Index ; Model ; North-Eastern China ; Soil erosion
China's northeastern BlackSoil Region, one of the country's most important crop production areas, has been seriously affected by soil erosion. This study evaluated the effects of soil erosion on the long-term productivity of this region. The AA
. used a modified productivity index (MPI) model to assess the current effects of soil erosion on soil productivity, as well as to predict long-term change in productivity. The model predicts a 9.6% productivity reduction over 100 years and a 48.3
Agricultural practice ; Amazon Basin ; Brazil ; Human impact ; Land use ; Soil ; Soil improvement ; Soil properties
Study of fertile and dark patches of soils (Indian black earth) near Santarém, Brazil. Soils were found to be anthropogenic in origin, with most produced through soil management practices in agricultural zones and only small porions showing clear
evidence of human habitation (i.e., the midden model). Ash and organic matter were deposited to form these patches. Fertility of the soils has persisted long after cultural manipulation has ceased. - (SLD)
Regional differentiation of critical concentration of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in main soil types of China
China ; Environment ; Geochemistry ; Heavy metals ; Micro-organism ; Pollution ; Soil ; Soil pollution ; Soil properties ; Soil water ; Spatial differentiation
Studies of critical concentration distribution features of polluted elements of Cd and As in main soil types of China, such as laterite, yellow brown soil, blacksoil and sierozem revealed that soil types vary in different zones, so do
their critical concentrations. The critical concentration has a zonal differentiation with the distribution of soil types from south to north and fromm east to west. This coincides with changes of climate zones and soil zones.