The natural environment and its place in physical planning can be approached in a variety of ways. In an extreme case, the environment can be treated as the subject matter of a plan. Alternatively, it can be one of the elements constituting
the subject of planning. It can be treated as material defining the spatial framework of development, or as its factor and limitation. The way of approach depends primarily on how we understand the nature-man relationship, and what model of the operation
and development of nature we adopt. Two such models can be considered : of the autonomous development of nature, and of controlled nature-man interactions. In the latter, two types of interaction are involved : of the spatial integration or spatial separation
of nature and man. These assumptions can underlie various approaches to the environment ; their elucidation is the subject matter of the present paper. - (BJ)
The principles of alternative tourism can be applied in order to minimize negative environmental impacts. Diversionary opportunities can be promoted to diversify the tourism product, thus providing a nature-oriented alternative to resort-based
tourists. Regional ecotourism can be fostered in mountainous interiors, peripheral islands, undeveloped coastlines, rural agricultural areas and in offshore reefs.
Using the different equation for solution authors attempt to set up a theoretical model of vertical karstification. By this method the factors, determining the rate of evolution of the developing fissures and pipes, can be examined. Moreover the age
of development of the formations can be calculated and the relation between the rate of their evolution and the shape can be examined. - (JS)
This paper engages with current debates concerning reflexive research processes. It applies a relational concept of difference - recently envisaged as betweenness - to highlight how gender and class difference can be used to reflect other
differences. It concludes that betweenness can help identify geographies of identity and culture.
The advent of chaos in the environmental sciences has happened. It is imperative that geographers be aware of its implications. It remains to be seen whether or not geographers can make any progress in this theoretical field or if they can use
Computer-generated tabulations can enhance teaching and learning of geography in cases where analyse of statistics is relevant. Spreadsheets can also facilitate information exchange among universities in the form of templates. - (DWG)
How glaciological processes can interact to control global ice-sheet fluctuations during a glacial cycle and where analogies with the Arctic can be drawn.