Deregulation in the American banking industry has led to well established banks moving to cities in other states. One result is an increase in the geographic concentration of banking resources control. - (D. W. Gade).
The banking system, banking organizations, bank's credit potential and basic indicators of business transacted 1978-1983 (liabilities and assets), basic problems and directions of change.
Concentration and dispersion in the banking system of the Cape Colony, 1837-1900
Large enterprises have long dominated the South African economy, among them the major banks. Between 1837 and 1900 London based banks secured control of the banking sector, eliminating local banks and establishing branches throughout the Cape colony
Concentration in commercial banking : the effects of mergers and acquisitions
Bank ; Finance ; Financial services ; Firm concentration ; Offices ; Spatial distribution ; Structure of the firm ; United States of America
Paper examines spatial organization of the commercial bank industry in the USA since 1935, with emphasis on state patterns since the 1980s. A. traces how mergers and acquisitions have consolidated the bank industry across the country
. Such consolidation may be necessary to attract bank assets and other industry associated with banking. More consolidation in the future is predicted. - (SLD)
Why do acquiring banks in mergers concentrate in well-developed areas? regional development and Mergers and Acquisitions (MandAs) in banking
Bank ; Finance ; Industrial concentration ; Italy ; Profitability ; Regional development ; Regional economy ; Social capital ; Social development
A strong direct effect of regional economic and social characteristics on the concentration of the banking industry in Italy is found, as well as on the agglomeration of acquiring banks in well-developed regions. This effect survives to a number
of robustness checks, including controls for banks’ profitability and efficiency, and for their institutional characteristics, indicated by the banking literature as the key factors driving concentration in banking. Possible theoretical explanations supporting
Bank and near-bank processes in an incised channel
Bank erosion ; Channel geometry ; Geotechnics ; Infiltration ; Mississippi ; Model ; Pic discharge ; Porosity ; Precipitation ; Seasonal variation ; Stream ; United States of America
Gravitational forces acting on in situ bank material act in concert with hydraulic forces at the bank toe to determine rates of bank erosion. The interaction of these forces control streambank mechanics. Data from a study site on Goodwin Creek, MS
, USA clearly show the temporal variability of seepage forces and the lag time inherent in reductions in shear strength due to losses of matric suction and generation of positive pore-water pressures. A stable bank can be transformed into an unstable
Riparian seed banks along the lower River Dove, UK : their structure and ecological implications
Bank erosion ; Clay mineral ; Comparative study ; Derbyshire ; England ; Environmental management ; Organic materials ; Over-grazing ; Riparian vegetation ; Statistics ; Stream ; United Kingdom ; Vegetation dynamics
This paper investigates associations between the viable seed bank, sediment properties and elevation on 3 erosing river banks along the lower reaches of the River Dove, Derbyshire. Using both descriptive statistics and detrended correspondence
analysis, major contrasts are found in the abundance and floristic composition of the viable seed bank between the bank top, bank face and bank toe and between the 3 study sites. The implications of these observations for understanding the role of fluvial
processes in riparian seed bank dynamics and their implications for riparian management are discussed.
This paper explores processes of bank erosion and sediment generation in Ripple Creek canal, Tasmania. Bank erosion within the canal is significant and is perceived to be adversely affecting water quality and fish habitat in the lake. In terms
of temporal patterns, the study relates bank erosion to the timing of flood events and the conditions on the bank and it relates stream turbidity to the bank erosion processes. Finally, the study examines whether rehabilitation of the banks with grass
Hub and spole: deregulation, spatial restructuring and applied economic geography in banking
Bank ; Competition ; Deregulation ; Economic geography ; Finance ; Financial services ; Network ; Spatial structure ; United States of America
Examination of the spatial structure of banking service networks in the USA, made complicated by the shift from regulation to deregulation and differences among states in their banking laws. Concern for cost, rather than customer convenience
as in the past, has led to changes in the spatial structure of banking services. - (DWG)
Australia ; Bank erosion ; Geotechnics ; Mass movement ; Model ; New South Wales ; Riparian vegetation ; Stream
Plants interact with and modify the processes of riverbank erosion by altering bank hydrology, flow hydraulics and bank geotechnical properties. The physically based slope stability model GWEDGEM was used to assess how changes in bank geotechnical
properties due to the roots of native Australian riparian trees affected the stability of bank sections surveyed along the Latrobe River. The addition of roots to riverbanks improves stability even under worst-case hydrological conditions and is apparent over
a range of bank geometries, varying with tree position.
Stream bank erosion rates measured over a two-year period on a moorland and a forested stream were compared. Bank erosion rates are generally higher on the mainstream of the moorland catchment and highest in winter on both streams. Bank erosion
is correlated with the incidence of frost. Analysis of the vertical distribution of erosion on the banks of both streams suggests an undercutting mechanism which is more pronounced in the moorland stream. The influence of trees on bank erosion and possible
The influence of bank strength on channel geometry : an integrated analysis of some observations
Bank erosion ; Channel geometry ; Discharge ; Gravel ; Model ; Multivariate analysis ; Riparian vegetation ; River bed ; Sedimentology ; Stream ; Vegetation
Bank strength exerts a significant influence on river channel geometry. In order to undertake an integrated analysis of wide-ranging field observations, this study applies a recently developed multivariate model of channel geometry. When the banks
of a number of laterally stable streams are categorized on the basis of the bank sediment and vegetation, the multivariate model yields numerical indices of bank strength. Within the range of the data analysed, bank strength can produce a three-fold change
Incompatible planning goals : evaluation of Israel's new community development in the West Bank
Années 1967-1984 ; Développement ; Géographie de l'Asie ; Israël ; Peuplement juif ; West Bank
Contradictions entre les objectifs géopolitiques et stratigraphiques du gouvernement et les intérêts économiques et sociaux au niveau local, en ce qui concerne les projets de peuplement juif du West Bank.
Bank accretion and the development of vegetated depositional surfaces along modified alluvial channels
The purposes of this paper are to describe and interpret the initiation and development of bank-depositional surfaces and associated revegetation in relation to fluvial recovery from channelization. Special emphasis is given to variation in bank