Temporal and spatial distributions of damaging hail in the continental United States
Catastrophe ; Climatic hazard ; Damage ; Hail ; Interannual variability ; Natural hazards ; Precipitation ; Spatial distribution ; United States of America
Insurance data for hail damages to property during the period 1949-2006 were assessed to define the spatial and temporal distributions of losses in the United States. Assessment of the causes of catastrophes revealed that some were due just to hail
, some due to a tornado and hail occurring together, and some from events with damages due to hail, tornadoes, and flooding. Each of these 3 types of hail cases were analyzed, and the amounts of loss due just to hail were identified in all cases
Capturing damage assessment with a spatial video : an example of a building and street-scale analysis of tornado-related mortality in Joplin, Missouri, 2011
Building ; Damage valuation ; Missouri ; Morbidity ; Mortality ; Spatial analysis ; Street ; Tornado ; United States of America ; Urban area
This article discusses the use of a spatial video and a new Tornado Injury Scale in Joplin, Missouri. Results reveal fine-scale damage patterns even within the main tornado path, often with variations occurring along the same street segment
reinvestigated after the analysis for damage trends by building type and physical setting, with a summary of these observations provided in the discussion.
A GIS-based method for flooded area calculation and damage evaluation
Algorithm ; China ; Damage valuation ; Flood ; Geographical information system ; Natural hazards ; Water management ; Zhejiang
In this paper, a model for flooded area calculation and damage evaluation is presented. Flooding is divided into two types : source flood and non-source flood. The source-flood area calculation is based on seed spread algorithm. The flood damage
Assessment of erosion damage in Ndome and Ghazi, Taita Taveta, Kenya : towards an integrated erosion management approach
, and gully erosion, and sand deposition. Although abnormally heavy rains received between 1996-98 caused much of the present land damage, the severity of the damage was enhanced by inappropriate and persistent human perturbations in the land-system notably
through vegetative degradation and destruction of soil structure through inappropriate tillage practices. The AA. argue that the spread of erosion damage in rural agro-ecosystems is survival-driven.
The study of this earthquake is of crucial importance for researchers who work on urban seismic risk evaluation, lifeline earthquake engineering and countermeasure against soil liquefaction. Accordingly, this report focuses on the damage of land
hazards to civil engineering structures including lifeline facilities. Regarding the lifeline system, not only structural damage of the components but also functional damage of the entire systems are of importance.
There was a heavy frost damage in the vineyards of Tokaj-Hegyalja during the winter of 1980-81. Four damage grades were established. Experience shows that gentle foothill slopes are not suitable for viniculture| terraces at a certain elevation do
not add to frost hazard| terraces and fallow strips lessen frost damage if properly placed. (DLO).
The effect of technical progress on erosion damage and economic incentives for soil conservation
A damage function. Which incorporates the long-run cost of erosion to a farmer is presented and applied to evaluate conservation tillage in the Palouse wheatland of the Pacific Northwest. The role of technology is explored to see if policy
After the disastrous floods in 1997, 1998 and 2002 in Czech Republic the highest damages were registered in cities and towns. The flood damages require additional measures both on rivers and in catchment area. The flood plain segmentation
The impact of elevation, topography and snow load damage of trees on the position of the actual timberline on the fells in central Finnish Lapland
affecting these positions and snow load damage to trees on the fells Aakenustunturi, Yllästunturi and Pyhätunturi. The potential for ascending timberlines in the region is also discussed.
This study uses satellite imagery to investigate spatial heterogeneity of forest damage caused by ice storms that affected the Appalachian Mountains, Virginia during 1994. The results display a region-scale (southwest-to-northeast) gradient
in damage that apparently corresponds to a gradient in the depth of ice that accumulated during the storms. Damage also varied topographically. Damage was most extensive on east, southeast and south-facing slopes; at middle elevations; and on slopes
In the last millennium the city of Rieti, according to the most up-to-date Italian seismic catalogue, has been affected by strong earthquakes which caused major damage to its building heritage. The present work has been aimed at analyzing
the effects of the June 27, 1898 earthquake ; furthermore, by taking into consideration the distribution of damage within the urban area, it has been possible to provide clues to the seismic response of the area. It is well known that the distribution
of damage in cities is hardly homogeneous, being affected by the quality and conditions of buildings, the geological characteristics of the ground they are built on, and the morphological features of the area where the city is located. - (NF)
California ; Damage valuation ; Earthquake ; Local government ; Natural hazards ; Social geography ; United States of America
Three major tremors hit the north coast of California on April 25-26, 1992. Evaluates the recovery in five towns in Humboldt county, which was a function of the magnitude of physical damage, but also the kind of social structure in each community
The subject of the present paper is the damage caused by severe winds in Poland in 1975-86. Since 1985 individual farmers have been required to pay a natural disaster insurance for buildings, movables crops and livestock. Therefore, the damage
The Tokyo lowland has suffered from natural disasters several times due to its vulnerability. Land subsidence and intensive landuse are likely to increase the amount of damages. On the other hand, investment in natural disasters prevention has
the effect of decreasing damages. The main countermeasures for earthquakes and the refuge plan are two problems which need to be examined in the disaster-proof city planning. - (SGA)
Cool weather damage, frost injuries, floods, droughts and strong wind damage were investigated as typical meteorological disasters occurred during the 36 years after 1950 in the Sanjiang Plain. - (SGA)
The prevent damege, it is vital to study flood causes and consequences on the regional level and to tackle the problems of local enormous erosion or overflow. In areas market by significant property damage, it is necessary to find out wether