If it is to be a complete science of landforms and landscapes , geomorphology is not appropriately limited geographically to the terrestrial portions of Earth's surface. Various systems of landforms and their generative processes are best understood
in a full planetary context. Geomorphological inquiry is not appropriately limited in its philosophical presumptions to the reductionist views that have so successfully guided much of physics. Holistic thinking, exemplified by some aspects of evolutionary
[b1] Dept. of Hydrology and Water Resources, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, Etats-Unis
[b2] Dept. of Planetary Sciences, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, Etats-Unis
Biography ; Hydrology ; Physical geography ; Research ; Twentieth Century
and geomorphology, and on water and environmental planning appeared in the 1960s and 1970s. His career embraced a wide variety of research institutes and universities, including his chair of earth and planetary science and landscape architecture at the University
Luna B. Leopold was one of the great geologists and physical geographers of the twentieth century, who is famous for his contributions to hydrology, fluvial geomorphology, and environmental policy. His seminal books on fluvial processes
Evapotranspiration estimation methods in hydrological models
Conceptual model ; Evapotranspiration ; Hydrology ; Methodology ; Model ; Soil moisture ; Water budget ; Water cycle
This paper firstly summarizes the evapotranspiration estimation methods applied in hydrological models and then classifies them into the integrated converting methods and the classification gathering methods by their mechanism. Integrated converting
methods are usually used in hydrological models and 2 differences exist among them : one is in the potential evaporation estimation methods, while the other is in the function for defining relationship between potential evaporation and actual
evapotranspiration. Different evapotranspiration calculation methods are used depending on the complexity of the hydrological model, and importance and difficulty in the selection of the most suitable evapotranspiration methods is discussed. Finally, this paper
points out the prospective development trends of the evapotranspiration estimating methods in hydrological modeling.
[b5] Dep. of Hydrology and Water Management, Inst. of Physical Geography and Environmental Planning, Adam Mickiewicz Univ., Poznan, Pologne
[b2] Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Chine
[b3] State Key Lab. of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Univ., Wuhan, Chine
[b1] Key Lab. of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, Chine
Hydrological responses to precipitation variation and diverse human activities in a mountainous tributary of the lower Xijiang, China
Carrying capacity ; China ; Climatic change ; Discharge ; Guangdong ; Human impact ; Hydraulic works ; Hydrology ; Precipitation ; Reforestation ; River regime ; Seasonal variation ; Stream ; Time series
The Luodingjiang River, a mountainous tributary of the lower Xijiang in South China, was chosen to investigate the hydrological responses to the precipitation variation and diverse human activities (land use change, water diversion, reservoir
seasonal changing patterns of both water discharge and sediment load in this study highlight the importance of involving monthly or seasonal time series in the change detection in hydrological data.
[a1] Dep. of Earth and Environmental Science, K.U., Leuven, Belgique
[a3] Dep. of Physical Geography, Goethe Univ., Frankfurt, Allemagne
[b1] Dep. of geography, National Univ., Singapore, Singapour
[a2] Dep. of Geography, Univ., Liverpool, Royaume-Uni
Concept ; Echelle ; Epistémologie ; Géographie ; Géomorphologie ; Géosystème ; Sciences de la Terre
This paper has been stimulated by a debate triggered by the then British Geomorphological Research Group (now the British Society for Geomorphology) about the connections between geomorphology and Earth system science (ESS). The AA. begin
by considering the sociology of science, scientific knowledge and technology, before moving to a consideration of the historical relationship amongst geomorphology, geology and physical geography; and to some perspectives this might offer for the current debate
. Epistemological issues, arising both from the use of systems theory over multiple spatial and temporal scales, and from the demands of contemporary environmental science, are then introduced, and these lead to a conclusion that geomorphology might more
[b1] Dept. of Geography, Univ., Cambridge, Royaume-Uni
[b2] School of Geography, Univ., Nottingham, Royaume-Uni
Development and application of a simple hydrologic model simulation for a Brazilian headwater basin
Brazil ; Eucalyptus ; Grassland ; Hydrology ; Land use ; Minas Gerais ; Model ; Plantation ; Simulation ; Water resources ; Watershed
The main aim of this study was to create a simple semi-physically based hydrologic model for the Grande River Basin (GRB) located in southern Minas Gerais State, semi-distributed by sub-basins, using weather data sets available for the basin
or surrounding areas and data from field work and literature sources, to be used as a strategic environmental planning tool for basin. Additionally, they evaluate the hydrologic effects of land-use change with 3 different scenarios of grassland areas being
[b3] Science Forest Dept., Federal Univ., Lavras, Bresil
[b1] Engineering Dept., Federal Univ., Lavras, Bresil
[b2] USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Lab., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Etats-Unis
This paper aims to : examine melt season suspended sediment storage and release patterns in relation to hydrological conditions in the proglacial zone of a rapidly retreating European Alpine glacier; and 2) evaluate the findings in the light of past
[b2] Geoscience, School of Biological and EarthSciences, John Moores Univ., Liverpool, Royaume-Uni
[b4] School of Biological and EarthSciences, John Moores Univ., Liverpool, Royaume-Uni
[b1] Physical Geography and Outdoor Education, John Moores Univ., Liverpool, Royaume-Uni
[b3] School of the Built Environment, John Moores Univ., Liverpool, Royaume-Uni
The place of geography in the studies on the Man and the Earth system
The system Man and the Earth is investigated by various disciplines starting from the earth and biological sciences upto physics, chemistry, economic, social, agricultural and technical sciences. The geographical sciences should try to keep
tRIBS-Erosion: A parsimonious physically-based model for studying catchment hydro-geomorphic response
The AA. propose a framework that integrates a geomorphic component into the physically-based and spatially distributed TIN-based Real-time Integrated Basin Simulator (tRIBS) model. The coupled model simulates main erosive processes of hillslopes
(raindrop impact detachment, overland flow entrainment, and diffusive processes) and channel (erosion and deposition due to the action of water flow). In addition to the spatially distributed, dynamic hydrologic variables, the model computes the sediment
transport discharge and changes in elevation, which feedback to hydrological dynamics through local changes of terrain slope, aspect, and drainage network configuration. The model was calibrated for the Lucky Hills basin, a semi-arid watershed in the Walnut
[b4] Dep. of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Dep. of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, Etats-Unis
[b1] Dep. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Etats-Unis
[b2] Dip. di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale ed Aeronautica, Univ., Palermo, Italie
[b3] Dep. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, Etats-Unis
Modeling hydrological variability of fresh water resources in the Rio Cobre watershed, Jamaica
Adaptation ; Climatic change ; Fresh water ; Hydrology ; Jamaica ; Land use ; Model ; Space time ; Water balance ; Water resources ; Watershed
The aim of this study is to characterize, model and analyze the temporal variability of hydrological processes in the Rio Cobre watershed, Jamaica using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Determination of the temporal hydrological water
balance and the spatial distribution of hydrological processes in the Rio Cobre watershed are discussed. The ability of a watershed model to accurately predict the hydrological processes is evaluated through parameter sensitivity analysis, model
the measured and simulated flows. The spatiotemporal distribution of hydrological processes was determined. It is highlighted that 52% of rainfall is lost by evapotranspiration and that the groundwater contributes 42% to the water yield.
[b3] Dept. of Earth and Environment, Florida International Univ., Miami, Etats-Unis
[b5] Dept. of life Sciences, Univ. of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaique
[b2] GLOWS, Florida International Univ., Miami, Etats-Unis
[b6] Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ., Old Domnion, Etats-Unis
[b7] Dept. of Water Science and Engineering, UNESCO-IHE Inst. for Water Education, Delft, Pays-Bas
[b8] Fac. of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Univ. of Technology, Delft, Pays-Bas
Concept ; Earthsciences ; Environmental conservation ; Globalization ; Nineteenth Century ; Physical geography ; Political ecology ; Society-environment relationship ; Sustainable development ; Twentieth Century
Concept ; Développement durable ; Ecologie politique ; Géographie physique ; Mondialisation ; Protection de l'environnement ; Relation société-environnement ; Sciences de la Terre ; Siècle 19 ; Siècle 20
Although globalization is a term usually restricted to economics and the social sciences, there are aspects of the phenomenon that are intimately linked to the practice and purpose of the physical and environmental sciences and exemplified through
may be seen historically in the global export of western science, including Physical Geography, that underpinned colonial resource exploitation, and which subsequently laid to the foundations for the worldwide conservation movement. Globalization
is also at work in setting contemporary scientific agendas that are focused on larger-scale issues of environment and development and environmental change, particularly in an emergent Earth System Science, and also in Sustainability Science. These global
Physical Geography. At a fundamental level, Physical Geography has always sought to describe and understand the multiple subsystems of the environment and their connections with human activity : it is global and globalizing at its very roots. Globalization
agendas are not simply shared with but also co-produced by the public, politicians and commercial interests, providing both opportunities and challenges for traditional diciplines and traditional disciplinary practices such as Physical Geography.
[b1] School of Geography, Univ., Nottingham, Royaume-Uni
Parameterizing a physically based shallow landslide model in a data poor region
to evaluate the influence of vegetation on shallow slope failures a physically based, dynamic and distributed hydrological model (STARWARS) coupled with a probabilistic slope stability model (PROBSTAB) was applied to the upper Tikovil River basin. It was tuned
with the limited evidence of groundwater conditions during the monsoon season of 2005 and validated against observed landslide activity in the hydrological year 2001-2002. The results indicate the importance of root cohesion in maintaining stability
[b1] International Inst. for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), Enschede, Pays-Bas
[b2] Dep. of Physical Geography, Univ., Utrecht, Pays-Bas
Advances in the study of uncertainty quantification of large-scale hydrological modeling system
Algorithm ; Concept ; Hydrology ; Land atmosphere interaction ; Methodology ; Model ; Quantitative analysis ; Uncertainty
This paper systematically reviewed the recent advances in the study of the uncertainty analysis approaches in the large-scale complex hydrological model on the basis of uncertainty sources (input data and parameters, model structure, analysis method
and the initial and boundary conditions). Also, the shortcomings and insufficiencies in the uncertainty analysis for complex hydrological models are pointed out. And then a new uncertainty quantification platform PSUADE and its uncertainty quantification methods
were introduced, which will be a powerful tool and platform for uncertainty analysis of large-scale complex hydrological models. Finally, some future perspectives on uncertainty quantification are put forward.
[b1] School of Resource and EarthScience, China Univ. of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Chine
[b2] Key Lab. of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, Chine
Changes in hydrology and sediment delivery of the Mekong River in the last 50 years : connection to damming, monsoon, and ENSO
Asia ; Dam ; Delta ; Fluvial dynamics ; Geographical information system ; Hydraulic works ; Hydrological regime ; Impact ; Monsoon ; Ocean atmosphere interaction ; Sediment budget ; Stream
in the next couple of decades, changes are expected in both hydrological regime and delta dynamics. On one hand, the runoff showed a closer connection with the regional precipitation and ENSO in the post-dam period (1993–2005) than in the pre-dam period (1950
[b1] Dep. of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, Etats-Unis
[b2] Fac. of EarthSciences, China Univ. of Geosciences, Wuhan, Chine
scenarios of land uses. The AA. tackle this goal by running a complex index of hydrological connectivity and a semi-physically based model of soil erosion with geographic information system (GIS) in the Estanque de Arriba catchment (Spanish Pre-Pyrenees
This study seeks to assess the effect of agricultural terraces, irrigation channels, trails, and land abandonment on the hydrological connectivity of a small catchment and its consequences on predicting rates of soil erosion under 4 different
) where 83 soil samples were collected. The different maps of hydrological connectivity were used to create runoff and sediment trap effectiveness masks that were included in the assessment of the effective cumulative runoff. The results showed
[b1] Dep. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K. Univ., Geo-Inst., Heverlee, Belgique
[a2] Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ., Exeter, Royaume-Uni
[a1] Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group (SEDER), Dept. de Geografia, Univ., Valencia, Espagne
Remote sensing of rivers : the emergence of a subdiscipline in the river sciences
This article reports on the special issue of Earth Surface Processes and Landforms dedicated to remote sensing of rivers an emerging subdiscipline of river science. The 12 articles in the volume cover a broad spectrum of applications that use
a variety of platforms and sensors, ranging from photogrammetric mapping of riffle-pool morphology beneath forest canopy using a camera mounted on a hand held pole to satellite-based synthetic radar mapping of subcontinental scale hydrology of large rivers
[b1] Dep. of Geography, Univ. of Oregon, Eugene, Etats-Unis
[b2] Dep. of Geography, Texas State Univ., San Marcos, Etats-Unis
The hydrological properties and the effects of hydration on vegetative ash from the Northern Rockies, USA
Ash ; Duricrust ; Fire ; Hydrology ; Mineralogy ; Montana ; Rocky Mountains ; Soil erosion ; Soil properties ; United States of America ; Water erosion
This study investigated the physical (particle size and shape, particle density, bulk density and porosity) chemical (mineralogy and elemental composition) and hydrologic (water retention, hydraulic conductivity, and sorptivity) characteristics
of laboratory and wildfire ash from the Northern Rocky Mountain region of the United States. A variety of techniques were used including scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and conventional soil science techniques
. Results of this study indicate that variation in the hydrological response of ash can be partially explained by differences in ash characteristics associated with combustion temperature. Furthermore while ash color is often used as an indicator of burn
severity it may not be an accurate indicator regarding the hydrologic response of ash in post-fire systems. Instead carbonate content is suggested as a more informative aid in predicting post-fire hydrologic response.
[b1] Dept. of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, Univ., Montana, Etats-Unis