Science studies in physical geography : An idea whose time has come?
Bibliography ; Biobibliography ; Concept ; Epistemology ; Fluvial processes ; Geographical imagination ; History of sciences ; Physical geography ; Sciences ; Stream ; Twentieth Century
Bibliographie ; Biobibliographie ; Concept ; Cours d'eau ; Epistémologie ; Fluviatile ; Géographie physique ; Histoire des sciences ; Imagination géographique ; LEOPOLD (L.) ; Sciences ; Siècle 20
The A. begins with an overview of work that argues for science studies in human geography, physical geography and the history of geology. He then discusses a series of science studies approaches that address different questions about the social
imagination – where history and biography are entwined. In conclusion, the A. encourages to use science studies in research on the making and shaping of physical geography.
worlds of science, the emerging of new scientific disciplines, the shaping of the practice of science by laboratory culture, the distinction between science and non-science, and the impact of scientific biographies on the spirit of the age. Drawing
on a biographical science studies approach, he examines key aspects of the life and work of the river scientist Luna Leopold (1915–2006). This then leads to a discussion of the geographical imagination, and particularly how this is grounded in the sociological
If it is to be a complete science of landforms and landscapes , geomorphology is not appropriately limited geographically to the terrestrial portions of Earth's surface. Various systems of landforms and their generative processes are best understood
in a full planetary context. Geomorphological inquiry is not appropriately limited in its philosophical presumptions to the reductionist views that have so successfully guided much of physics. Holistic thinking, exemplified by some aspects of evolutionary
[b2] Dept. of Planetary Sciences, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, Etats-Unis
[b1] Dept. of Hydrology and Water Resources, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, Etats-Unis
of Soil Science (2008), and Soil Science — Reference collection (2009). These soils science reference books contain 1920 articles authored by some 2000 authors. The Handbook of Soil Science covers the basic subdisciplines (physics, chemistry, biology
This paper focuses on the 7 major soil reference books that were published between 2000 and 2012 : Handbook of Soil Science (2000 and 2012), Encyclopedia of Soil Science (2002 and 2006), Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (2005), Encyclopedia
, pedology) most extensively whereas the encyclopedia have more applied entries/articles. Overall, these intradisciplinary reference works show that the soil science discipline is vibrant and has a rapidly expanding knowledge base.
[b1] Univ. of Wisconsin, Dep. of Soil Science, Madison, Etats-Unis
Concept ; Earth sciences ; Environmental conservation ; Globalization ; Nineteenth Century ; Physical geography ; Political ecology ; Society-environment relationship ; Sustainable development ; Twentieth Century
Concept ; Développement durable ; Ecologie politique ; Géographie physique ; Mondialisation ; Protection de l'environnement ; Relation société-environnement ; Sciences de la Terre ; Siècle 19 ; Siècle 20
Although globalization is a term usually restricted to economics and the social sciences, there are aspects of the phenomenon that are intimately linked to the practice and purpose of the physical and environmental sciences and exemplified through
may be seen historically in the global export of western science, including Physical Geography, that underpinned colonial resource exploitation, and which subsequently laid to the foundations for the worldwide conservation movement. Globalization
Physical Geography. At a fundamental level, Physical Geography has always sought to describe and understand the multiple subsystems of the environment and their connections with human activity : it is global and globalizing at its very roots. Globalization
is also at work in setting contemporary scientific agendas that are focused on larger-scale issues of environment and development and environmental change, particularly in an emergent Earth System Science, and also in Sustainability Science. These global
agendas are not simply shared with but also co-produced by the public, politicians and commercial interests, providing both opportunities and challenges for traditional diciplines and traditional disciplinary practices such as Physical Geography.
[b1] School of Geography, Univ., Nottingham, Royaume-Uni
by considering the sociology of science, scientific knowledge and technology, before moving to a consideration of the historical relationship amongst geomorphology, geology and physical geography; and to some perspectives this might offer for the current debate
This paper has been stimulated by a debate triggered by the then British Geomorphological Research Group (now the British Society for Geomorphology) about the connections between geomorphology and Earth system science (ESS). The AA. begin
. Epistemological issues, arising both from the use of systems theory over multiple spatial and temporal scales, and from the demands of contemporary environmental science, are then introduced, and these lead to a conclusion that geomorphology might more
[b1] Dept. of Geography, Univ., Cambridge, Royaume-Uni
[b2] School of Geography, Univ., Nottingham, Royaume-Uni
This paper reports a review of research on domestic climate extremes conducted by US physical geographers over the past 15 years. Sections cover extremes in wind, precipitation, lightning, and temperature, as well as derivative climate extremes
(droughts, floods, and storm surges). Themes considered include : the spatial and temporal distribution of the climate extreme; its implications for the understanding of the physical processes that produce it; the spatial and temporal distributions
of the extreme's economic and human costs; lessons for assessment, policy, and management; and scale. The AA. conclude that most of the works reviewed inadequately address the human basis of vulnerability to climate extremes, and encourage physical geographers
to work with colleagues from the other subfields of geography and the social sciences to develop the holistic understanding of vulnerability needed to effectively adapt to the more extreme climate projected under climate change.
[b1] Dept. of Geography, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Etats-Unis
[a1] Dept. of Geography, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, Etats-Unis
Czech Republic ; Fourteenth Century ; Geographic school ; History of geography ; Physical geography ; Prague ; Twenty-first century
The article presents the chronological development of the discipline of sciencephysical geography at Prague University from its modest beginnings at the end of the 14th century to present days. - (EN)
Biography ; Hydrology ; Physical geography ; Research ; Twentieth Century
and geomorphology, and on water and environmental planning appeared in the 1960s and 1970s. His career embraced a wide variety of research institutes and universities, including his chair of earth and planetary science and landscape architecture at the University
Luna B. Leopold was one of the great geologists and physical geographers of the twentieth century, who is famous for his contributions to hydrology, fluvial geomorphology, and environmental policy. His seminal books on fluvial processes
Opleiding in opbouw. Geschiedenis van het Planologisch en Demografisch Instituut van de Universiteit van Amsterdam 1962-1982.. (A course in development. History of the Institute of Physical Planning and Demography of the University of Amsterdam 1962
(1962-1982) ; Aménagement régional ; Démographie ; Géographie humaine ; Histoire des sciences ; Pays-Bas ; Siècle XX
Using an easily reproducible, previously published method, the AA. assess citation accuracy in 120 articles published in the first half of 2011 and listed under Physical Geography in Thomson Reuters’ ISI Web of Knowledge Science Citation Index
. The results indicate that at least 19% of citations in physical geography do not provide clear support for the statements they are meant to support. These results are in line with previously published findings for field-orientated sciences. The AA. propose
Retrospect and prospect of Geographical Sciences in China : A comparison with the Strategic Directions for Geography in the USA
China ; Comparative study ; Economic geography ; History of geography ; Human geography ; Inter-disciplinary approach ; Methodology ; Physical geography ; Technology ; United States of America
Etude rétrospective et prospective des Sciences Géographiques en Chine par comparaison avec les Directions Stratégiques pour la Géographie publiées aux Etats-Unis. Le système disciplinaire des Sciences Géographiques est très complexe. Au cours des
[b1] College of Tourism and Geography Sciences, Yunnan Normal Univ., Kunming, Chine
[b4] School of Geographical Sciences, Normal Univ., Nanjing, Chine
[b2] College of Social Development, Yunnan Normal Univ., Kunming, Chine
[b3] Key Lab. of Educational Information for Nationalities, Yunnan Normal Univ., Kunming, Chine
[b5] Yunnan Chinese Language and Culture College, Yunnan Normal Univ., Kunming, Chine
Videogrames, visuality and screens : reconstructing the Amazon in physical geographical knowledge
The AA. attend to an emergent practice of visualising GIS data in physical geography using the graphics engine of a videograme, Cryis. These modes of image-making aid the possibility of imagining complex data by re-contextualising information within
[b1] School of Geographical Sciences, Univ., Bristol, Royaume-Uni
The Physical Landscape of Britain and Northern Ireland : A Project to Increase Geomorphological Awareness
the following objectives : (1) to make existing knowledge on the physical landscape and geomorphology of Britain more widely accessible; (2) to increase knowledge and awareness of physical attributes of the landscape; (3) to provide a synthesis of present
[b1] Geography, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Royaume-Uni
[b2] School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Kingston University, London, Royaume-Uni
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of diatomite application on physical characteristics of soils with different textures (sandy loam, loam, and clay), under laboratory conditions. The results indicated that diatomite applications
amendment agent for improving soil physical characteristics.
[b1] Fac. of Agriculture, Dep. of Soil Science, Atatürk Univ., Erzurum, Turquie
[b2] Fac. of Agriculture, Dep. of Agriculture Structures and Irrigation, Atatürk Univ., Erzurum, Turquie
the crust chlorophyll content and the daytime wetness duration were found. When a cluster analysis was performed, 5 types of microbiotic crusts were defined which differed in their physical and biological properties. The spatial distribution of the crusts
, as verified by crust mapping, coincided with the daylight surface duration, which in turn was controlled by topography. It implies that whereas initial physical conditions dictates species composition and thus crust type, the crust type in turn is responsible
for characterizing the physical properties of the surface, which may largely affect ecological and geomorphological processes.
[b1] Inst. of Earth Sciences, Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem, Israel
[b3] Environmental Sciences Div., Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem, Israel
[b2] Dep. of Dryland Biotechnologies. The Jacob Blaustein Inst. for Desert Research, Ben Gurion Univ. of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
[b4] Inst. of Evolution, Univ., Haifa, Israel
[b5] Dep. of Biotechnology Engineering, Inst. of Biotechnology, Ben Gurion Univ., Beer Sheva, Israel
The vector physics of wind-driven rain (WDR) differs from that of wind-free rain, and the interrill soil detachment equations in the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model were not originally developed to deal with this phenomenon. This paper
provides an evaluation of the performance of the interrill component of the WEPP model for WDR events. The interrill delivery rates were measured in the wind tunnel facility of the International Center for Eremology (ICE), Ghent University, Belgium
trajectory of wind-driven raindrops with a given frequency, raindrop velocity and direction at the point of impact onto the soil surface provided sufficient physical information to improve WEPP sediment delivery rate predictions under WDR.
[b1] Dep. of Soil Science, Fac. of Agriculture, Univ., Ankara, Turquie
[b2] Earth Sciences Application and Research Center, Univ., Ankara, Turquie
[b3] Dep. of Soil Management, Univ., Ghent, Belgique
[b4] USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Lab., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Etats-Unis
[b5] Soil Physics and Land Use team, Alterra, UR, Wageningen, Pays-Bas
Effect of grazing on soil physical properties and soil erodibility in semiarid grassland of the Northern Loess Plateau (China)
The AA. investigated whether grazing leads to deterioration of soil physical properties that subsequently increases topsoil erodibility. They sampled 3 sites (an ungrazed grassland, a continuously grazed grassland, and a track trampled by stock
) on the northern Loess Plateau of China. The bulk density, water content, proportion of stable aggregates, infiltration rate, and resistance to scouring were determined for each soil sample. Soil physical properties played an important role in determining soil
erodibility. Grazing and trampling by livestock therefore appear to cause deterioration of soil physical properties and to increase soil erodibility.
[b1] Dep. of Tourism and Environmental Sciences, Shaanxi Normal Univ., Xi'an, Chine
[b2] Key Lab. of Disaster Survey and Mechanism Simulation of Shaanxi Province, Univ. of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Chine
[b3] State Key Lab. of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loes Plateau, Inst. of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS, Univ., Yangling, Chine